Gene Editing Revolution: Molecular Biology, CRISPR Systems

It's an Unofficial Course.This course provides a comprehensive and structured exploration of modern gene editing, guiding learners from the fundamental principles of molecular biology to the most advanced CRISPR-based technologies used today. It begins by building a strong foundation in DNA structure, genetic inheritance, the genetic code, protein synthesis, and endogenous DNA repair mechanisms, ensuring that learners clearly understand how genetic information is stored, expressed, and maintained within living systems.As the course progresses, learners are introduced to the historical development of genetic engineering and the early tools that laid the groundwork for contemporary genome editing. Classical techniques such as restriction enzymes and recombinant DNA technology are explained in detail, followed by an in-depth examination of first-generation programmable nucleases, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs).

These topics help learners appreciate the evolution of precision, efficiency, and specificity in genome manipulation.A major focus of the course is the CRISPR-Cas9 system, where learners gain a clear understanding of its biological origins, molecular components, and functional mechanisms. The roles of Cas proteins, guide RNA design, protospacer adjacent motifs, and double-strand break formation are thoroughly discussed. The course also explains how cellular repair pathways, such as non-homologous end joining and homology-directed repair, are harnessed to achieve targeted genetic modifications.Beyond conventional CRISPR-Cas9 editing, the course explores advanced and next-generation CRISPR technologies that enable greater precision and control.

Learners will study base editing, prime editing, and CRISPR-based gene regulation systems such as CRISPR interference and CRISPR activation. Various gene delivery strategies, including viral and non-viral methods, are examined to provide insight into how genome editing tools are introduced into cells for research and therapeutic purposes.The final portion of the course focuses on real-world applications and critical ethical considerations. Learners will examine the use of gene editing in treating monogenic diseases, the distinction between somatic and germline editing, and the expanding role of genome engineering in agriculture and biotechnology.

Issues related to off-target effects, safety assessment, bioethical principles, and regulatory frameworks are addressed to encourage responsible and informed use of gene editing technologies. By the end of this course, learners will possess a well-rounded understanding of the science, applications, and ethical responsibilities associated with modern genome editing.Thank you